*Egg Production/Breeding*
*Layers*
*The amount of time it takes for chickens to sexually mature varies by the breed Usually start laying between 18 and 22 weeks of age Some breeds may start laying as early as 16 weeks Lighter breeds usually mature faster than heavier breeds Feed and water need to be provided at all times Water is particularly important as it is a major component of the egg If water is restricted or unavailable for long times during the day, egg production will drop Housing is the same as growing with the exception of nest boxes Need one nest box for every 4-6 hens 12x12x12 is a good size for average size hens Make them a little bigger for large size breeds Place in a shaded area to encourage the hens to lay eggs in them*
*Males are not necessary for hens to lay eggs Males are needed for fertile eggs to produce chicks Takes about 24-27 hours for a hen to form and lay an egg Hens use calcium from their bones to form the egg shell, this calcium must be replaced by calcium in the diet Diets low in calcium reduce egg production and can lead to weak bones in hens Calcium can also be supplied by allowing the hens to access oyster shell free choice Can be used instead of grit in layers Extended periods of hot weather can also cause bone problems in high producing layers*
*HOUSING LAYERS IN CAGES*
*Housing layers in cages allows for: More birds to be kept in a small area Less exposure to internal parasites Less egg loss due to dirty eggs or breakage Lower mortality of birds*
*Hatching Eggs*
*It takes 21 days for eggs to hatch, hens that set on eggs and care for young do not lay eggs during that time Incubating eggs in an incubator allows hens to continue to lay eggs Requirements for incubation (embryo growth) are Correct temperature ~ (99.5, 98–100o F) Do not place incubators in direct sunlight as it can cause them to over heat during the day Make sure the incubator is located in a well ventilated room that is protected from the environment Correct humidity ~ 55%, or 28.5oC (83oF) wet bulb Make sure water reservoirs are maintained at the appropriate level, in order to maintain the proper level of humidity Regular turning of eggs ~ 4-8 x per day After 18 days of incubation the eggs do not need to be turned anymore*
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