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LAYER- egg production and breeding

*Egg  Production/Breeding* 

*Layers*
*The  amount  of  time  it  takes  for  chickens  to  sexually mature  varies  by  the breed Usually  start  laying  between  18  and 22 weeks  of age Some breeds  may  start  laying  as  early  as  16  weeks Lighter  breeds  usually  mature  faster than heavier  breeds Feed  and  water  need  to  be  provided  at  all  times Water  is  particularly  important  as  it  is  a  major component  of  the  egg If  water  is  restricted  or  unavailable  for  long  times during  the  day,  egg  production  will  drop Housing  is  the  same  as growing with  the  exception  of  nest  boxes Need  one  nest  box  for  every  4-6 hens 12x12x12  is  a  good  size  for average size  hens Make  them  a  little  bigger  for large  size  breeds Place  in  a  shaded  area  to encourage  the  hens  to  lay  eggs in  them*
*Males  are not  necessary  for  hens  to  lay  eggs Males  are  needed for fertile  eggs  to  produce  chicks Takes  about  24-27  hours  for  a  hen to form  and lay  an egg Hens  use calcium  from  their  bones  to  form  the egg shell,  this  calcium  must  be replaced  by  calcium  in the diet Diets  low  in calcium  reduce  egg production and can lead to weak bones  in hens Calcium  can also be  supplied by  allowing the  hens  to access  oyster  shell  free choice Can  be  used  instead of  grit in  layers Extended periods  of  hot  weather  can also  cause  bone problems  in high producing layers*
*HOUSING  LAYERS  IN CAGES*
*Housing  layers  in  cages  allows  for: More  birds  to  be  kept  in  a  small  area Less  exposure  to  internal  parasites Less  egg  loss  due  to  dirty  eggs  or  breakage Lower  mortality  of  birds*

*Hatching  Eggs*

 *It  takes  21  days  for  eggs  to  hatch,  hens  that set on eggs  and  care  for  young  do not  lay  eggs  during that time Incubating  eggs  in  an  incubator  allows  hens  to continue  to  lay  eggs Requirements  for  incubation (embryo  growth) are Correct  temperature  ~  (99.5,  98–100o F) Do  not place  incubators  in direct sunlight  as  it can  cause  them  to  over heat  during  the  day Make  sure  the  incubator  is located  in  a  well ventilated  room  that  is protected  from  the  environment Correct  humidity  ~  55%,  or  28.5oC  (83oF)  wet  bulb Make  sure  water  reservoirs  are  maintained  at the  appropriate  level,  in order  to  maintain the  proper  level of  humidity Regular  turning  of  eggs  ~  4-8  x  per  day After  18 days  of  incubation  the  eggs do not  need to be  turned  anymore*

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